Key people in American History MLK and Malcolm X - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1214 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/03/25 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Malcolm X Essay Did you like this example? After the end of the Civil War and the era of the Reconstruction of the South, the Southern states of the United States were gradually able to legally restrict the rights of black people in what is known as Jim Crow laws. This is how the policy of racial segregation appeared: the white people distanced themselves from blacks in all aspects of daily life. As a result, African Americans had their own schools, shops, cafes, railroad cars, and even places in public transport. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Key people in American History: MLK and Malcolm X" essay for you Create order Even the ability to vote was limited: the right to elect and be elected was closely tied to educational and property qualifications. Of course, such social pressure could not but provoke protests that grew as the standard of living and education of black people increased. The most famous and influential leaders of 1960s were Martin Luther King the face of the Civil rights movement who was a fighter for the rights of blacks in US history and Malcolm X a human rights activist and an American Muslim minister, who became a self-dedicated defender of African-Americans. Both Martin and Malcolm were deeply spiritual men and religious leaders; however, they belonged to different religious communities. The contribution to the course of history and the methodology of both speakers are going to be introduced in this essay. To start with, Martin Luther King led to many civil disobedience struggles as well as served as a strategist, theorist and symbol maker for the numerous movements. During the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on the 28th of August 1963, Martin Luther King delivered a speech I have a dream to the civil rights marchers around the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC. He decided to tell his speech there to remind about Abraham Lincolns proclamation which freed slaves in the Southern states. One of the Martin Luther Kings main aims was to inspire people and create a world where everyone would be equal. In this speech, Martin Luther King said: I have a dream that white and black children would one day walk hand in hand and that one day sons of former slaves and sons of former slaveowners would be able to agree to live together . He was not afraid of expressing his point of view about the better future that he wished to see, and the most important that it is possible to make his dream come true. Another strong example is a quote I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed we hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal. Similar to the previous quote he supports an idea by telling about the progress of the U.S. nation and by referencing to the equality of all humanity. Another dramatic and influential figure was Malcolm X, who defended the rights of African Americans. In one of his speeches, called The Ballot or the Bullet, he motivated the audience to become more determined in the fight for civil rights, as well as he was calling for Black Nationalism. Consequently, after this speech, he was identified as a menacing character by the majority of white people. Also, he emphasized his religion in order to tell the audience that besides being a Muslim he is speaking to all humanity, not just to the Muslim community. It goes without saying that African Americans all over the country had the same feelings about being discriminated. The quote Today is time to stop singing and stop swinging. I speak as a victim of Americas so-called democracy. You and I have never seen democracy, all weve seen is hypocrisy. So, I m not standing here speaking to you as an American, or a patriot, or a flag-saluter, or a flag-waver no, not I. I m speaking as a victim of t his American system, represents his attitude on politics and a sarcastic note about so-called democracy shows the real situation in the U.S. of that period. Malcolm X emphasized being a victim of this system and was calling for taking actions against it. To sum up, though the speech The Ballot or the Bullet he motivated millions of people to fight for their rights and gave a needed support. In spite of the fact that both Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had the same aim to reach acceptance of black people, their methodologies were completely different. Malcolm X, in contradistinction to Martin Luther King, was not a priest. Even though they were a part of different religious communities, for both serving peoples everyday needs was a part of every aspect of their lives. Obviously, the influence of both was very effective. Malcolm X was a man who was never afraid to speak against injustice, he was not afraid of having enemies not only among racists and the Nation of Islam but also among the US ruling elite. Even despite some limitations of his ideas, Malcolm X is one of the most honest and uncompromising fighters for the rights of the black population of the United States of America. Malcolm X argued that Kings goal was to forgive white people who act violently, and he claimed that now African-Americans did not support Martin Luther King. King did not consider violence as a solution at all. During one interview Martin Luther King told the press that the method of non-violent resistance is one of the most potent, if not the most potent weapons available to oppressed people and their struggle for freedom.. He felt that killing is a very tragic way to deal with any social problem and there is no violent solution that the Negro confronts in this country. King sounded like a nonviolent Malcolm while second was inflexible about self-defense of black people and wage their struggle for freedom. Malcolms idea can be described by the concept of an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth ¦.and a life for a life. In contrast to Kings call for forgiving love, Malcolm anticipates an even-handed justice. The rights movement for supporting African-Americans was very huge and diverse. Both Martin Luther King and Malcolm X eventually worked for the same goal, however using absolutely different methods for reaching it. As Malcolm X said, Dr. King wants the same thing I wantfreedom!. All in all, they completely changed American society. The march on Washington, organized by Martin Luther King in 1963, really woke the whole country. After his influence, the segregated black population of the United States felt like equal people, whose opinion is being counted. During his lifetime, King became a powerful social symbol while Malcolms acknowledgment occurred after his death in early 1965 after publishing his powerful and established Autobiography, collected and written by a journalist Alex Haley. This spiritual conversion is based on a series of detailed interviews that he conducted between 1963 and Malcolms death and outlines Malcolm Xs philosophy of black nationalism. All in all, these two figures were the most effective and lasting voices of the civil rights movements. King encouraged to nonviolent resistance, Malcolm advocated self-defense; however, both struggled against the same injustice and contributed their lives to this fight. Their dedication eagerness to change the country still makes a huge impact on society.

Glaucon in the Republic - 1047 Words

In Platos Republic, Glaucon is introduced to the reader as a man who loves honor, sex, and luxury. As The Republic progresses through books and Socrates arguments of how and why these flaws make the soul unhappy began to piece together, Glaucon relates some of these cases to his own life, and begins to see how Socrates line of reasoning makes more sense than his own. Once Glaucon comes to this realization, he embarks on a path of change on his outlook of what happiness is, and this change is evidenced by the way he responds during he and Socrates discourse. The first change in character begins with Glaucons position on whether or not the unjust soul is happier than the just soul. This is seen in Book 4, 445b, when he argues†¦show more content†¦Glaucons statement indicates fear Ââ€" he worries about going back down to the cave or, returning to his former ignorance. This shows that Glaucon has not only embraced the idea of the cave, differing from his initial confusion, but he has also realized and accepted the truth and reasoning of Socrates. He has become the cave dweller who has been given the chance to escape, and he now fears going back. The next example of Glaucons transformation is during Book 9, 576e, when he states that there is no city more wretched than one ruled by a tyrantÂ…. Socrates is discussing how the four types of inferior souls bring about the ruin of the city. He then poses to Glaucon the question of whether a city ruled by a tyrant or philosopher-king is happier, in which he compels Glaucon to examine the whole of the city, and not just one or a few people who are a part of it, (or, the whole of the soul and not just one part over the exclusion of others). Glaucons response demonstrates that he now sees that the one who possesses power and riches is, in reality, is unhappy than the one who possesses knowledge and truth of self and the forms. He is answering his own question that he introduced in Book 2, and his answer is that the most just man, who is the philosopher-king in this dialogue, is happiest. The unjust man, being the tyrant, is unhappiest. This is expanded when Glaucon ranks the five actors in accordance to their contentment as heShow MoreRelatedThe Republic, Socrates And Glaucon1244 Words   |  5 PagesYezhen Li Professor David Goldman Philosophy 1300 11 September 2014 First Paper In sections 433-445 of The Republic , Socrates and Glaucon discuss about definitions and properties of both justice and injustice, with reference to the structure and condition of an ideal city with absolute justice. Considering the properties of justice and injustice, they conclude that just lives, even without anything desirable, are better than any other unjust lives. To start off, Socrates discusses about a justRead MoreThe Life Of Plato s Republic, Glaucon And Adeimantus1410 Words   |  6 Pages In Book II of Plato’s Republic, Glaucon and Adeimantus present a challenge to Socrates’ view of justice. Previously, in Book I of the Republic, Socrates presents several counterarguments to Thrasymachus’ belief that it is to your own advantage to practice injustice rather than to follow laws, if you can get away with it (Babcock). Glaucon and Adeimantus sought to present a stronger defense to Thrasymachus’ view. The main viewpoint they try to establish is that it is to our advantage to practiceRead MoreWhat Is Glaucon s Argument On The Republic? Do You Find It Persuasive?1751 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is Glaucon’s argument in the Republic? Do you find it persuasive? Give reasons for your answer. Glaucon’s argument in book II of Republic concerns the issue of justice. From the outset Glaucon explains that justice is a social contract that emerges - between people who are roughly equal in power - for the reason being that the pain of experiencing unjust actions is greater than the benefits accrued from inflicting it. (Plato, 2008) In this essay I will first outline his argument and explainRead More Platos Republic Essay1025 Words   |  5 PagesPlatos Republic In Plato’s Republic, Glaucon is introduced to the reader as a man who loves honor, sex, and luxury. As The Republic progresses through books and Socrates’ arguments of how and why these flaws make the soul unhappy began to piece together, Glaucon relates some of these cases to his own life, and begins to see how Socrates’ line of reasoning makes more sense than his own. Once Glaucon comes to this realization, he embarks on a path of change on his outlook of what happiness isRead MoreSocrates Virtuous Soul Analysis1234 Words   |  5 PagesThis philosophy study will argue against Socrates’ â€Å"virtuous soul† as the motivation for just acts in The Republic. Socrates’ argument for the â€Å"balanced soul† as a motivation for just acts is defined in relation to the contrasting arguments of his contemporaries, such as Thrasymachus, Glaucon, and Adeimantus. This ideological view of the â€Å"virtuous soul† does not provide a pract ical explanation for the motivation of a â€Å"just act† in a hierarchical society. The argument of Thrasymachus defines justiceRead MoreThe Republic Does Justice Pay Essay548 Words   |  3 PagesThe Republic Does Justice Pay In the Introduction of Platos Republic, a very important theme is depicted. It is the argument of whether it is beneficial for a person to lead a good and just existence. The greatly argued position that justice does not pay, is argued by three men Thrasymachus, Glaucon, and Adeimantus. By incorporating all three men into a collective effort I believe I can give a more flattering depiction of injustice. First, we must explore the basis of the moral skepticismRead MoreEssay about Plato1268 Words   |  6 Pagese.).[6] Besides Plato himself, Ariston and Perictione had three other children; these were two sons, Adeimantus and Glaucon, and a daughter Potone, the mother of Speusippus (the nephew and successor of Plato as head of his philosophical Academy).[6] According to the Republic, Adeimantus and Glaucon were older than Plato.[7] Nevertheless, in his Memorabilia, Xenophon presents Glaucon as younger than Plato.[8] According to certain reports of ancient writers, Plato s mother became pregnant throughRead MorePlato - Knowledge vs. True Belief Essay661 Words   |  3 Pagesresult, then true belief is no more useful than knowledge and both beneficial (Meno 97c). This comparison changes in book five of the Republic when Socrates says an ideal state must have a philosopher-king as a ruler (Republic 473d-e). Socrates and Glaucon conclude that knowledge and true belief are different powers so their natures cannot be the same (Republic 477c-478a). Knowledge is the most effective power, while true belief is only what enables you to believe. I think the most importantRead MoreThe Republic By Plato982 Words   |  4 PagesBook II of The Republic by Plato showcases the two very different views of Socrates and Glaucon in regards to the account of nature and origin of justice. Socrates and Glaucon discuss the theory presented by Glaucon that states that injustice is something that is intrinsically desired by all humans. Glaucon presents this argument to Socrates in order to understand and defend justice for its own sake. Glaucon seeks reassurance from Socrates that justice is not just only good for the positive consequencesRead MoreSocrates Plausible Case for Justice862 Words   |  4 Pagesfor justice. Socrates raised two main questions in the first two books of Plato’s Republic, what is justice? And why should we act justly? Thrasymachus and Glaucon both have different and more negative views of justice than Socrates. Throughout books one and two, Socrates, Glaucon and Thrasymachus go back and forth discussing the definition and application of justice in society. He starts his discussions with Glaucon and Thrasymachus by stating simply, â€Å"What is justice?† Thrasymachus states that

Construction Law Coursework Free Essays

Introduction This essay provides advice to Albatt plc (‘Albatt’), Budgett Technology Ltd (‘Budgett’) and Cansys Ltd (‘Cansys’) in relation to their legal positions concerning a contract for the service of Albatt’s electronic processors. Firstly, the advice shall briefly outline the relevant law before analysing the applicable law and advising each party separately. Relevant Law A Legally Binding Contract In English law, the traditional approach to determining whether or not a binding agreement has been entered into is to examine whether or not the following three elements are present: offer, acceptance and consideration (New Zealand Shipping Co. We will write a custom essay sample on Construction Law Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ltd v A M Satterthwaite and Co. Ltd). However, in the event that the above three elements are not clearly evident from the facts of the case, the intention to enter into a binding agreement shall be deduced by enquiring into the objective intention of the parties to enter into such an agreement by considering all the circumstances of a case: the offer, counter-offers, acceptances, revocations and rejections (Gibson v Manchester City Council). It is also noteworthy that an offer can be distinguished from an invitation to treat which arises where an individual is simply seeking to initiate negotiations as opposed to expressing an intention to be bound by their promise (Richards 2008, p 17). However, in any given case, the intention of the parties must be assessed before arriving at a decision as to whether or not there is an offer or invitation to treat (Chapelton v Barry UDC). The facts of this case would suggest that it involves an invitation for tenders. If that is the case, an invitation for tenders constitutes an invitation for offers to be submitted which can then be either accepted or rejected (Spencer v Harding). Albeit, it ought to be borne in mind that in certain circumstances, where a tender has been submitted in accordance with the applicable rules, an invitation to tender can amount to an offer, thereby providing a party with a right to have their tender opened and considered (Blackpool and Fylde Aero Club Ltd v Blackpool Borough Council). In the case of the supply of services, the supplier whose bid is successful is making a standing offer which is accepted by the other party every time an order is placed. Further, in circumstances concerning standing orders, a supplier can refuse to supply the services before the expiry of the agreed period without being found guilty of breach of contract providing the revocation is communicated to the othe r party (Great Northern Railway Co. Witham). However, the existing orders must be honoured (Offord v Davies). An exception to the general rule that acceptance must be communicated to the other party (Powell v Lee) is the postal rule (Adams v Lindsell), which provides that acceptance takes place immediately once a letter has been validly posted (Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgesellschaft GmbH). However, the postal rule can be negated where there is an indication from the offeror that they must receive acceptance before it shall bind them (Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance Co v Grant). Furthermore, in the case of forms of communication which are instantaneous, the acceptance occurs at the moment the communication is received by the other party (Entores v Miles Far East Corporation). Therefore, the position in general regarding instantaneous forms of communication is that the law in this regard seems to indicate that acceptance is effective on receipt. Finally, it is also worth noting that the terms of an offer must be unconditionally accepted otherwise any attempt to introduce new terms shall constitute a counter-offer (Hyde v Wrench). Advice to the Parties Analysis of the Law Albatt initially offered the contract for the service of their electronic processors to Budgett. The letter outlining this offer indicated that Budgett should reply by return of post. The case law in this instance suggests that a reply by post or an equally expeditious method will be acceptable (Tinn v Hoffman and Co). However, the letter did not reach Budgett until 6th September, due to an error in the address which was put on the letter. Nevertheless, Budgett did receive the letter on 6th September and, immediately upon receipt, accepted the offer and posted the acceptance letter at 11:00AM on the same day. According to the case law, the postal rule dictates that Budgett’s letter shall constitute an acceptance once it had been validly posted (Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgesellschaft GmbH). However, Albatt had agreed by telephone to offer Cansys the contract on 5th September after not receiving any reply from Budgett, and Cansys duly accepted the offer. That said, Albatt did not send a notice of withdrawal of the original offer to Budgett until 6th September. This notice was sent by fax, which is an instantaneous form of communication (Entores v Miles Far East Corporation). A notice of withdrawal sent via this method shall become effective once it has been received if sent during office hours (The Brimnes). This is the case irrespective of whether or not the other party has had sight of the notice. The Legal Position of the Parties Albatt Albatt’s legal position revolves around the issue of when the fax setting out the notice of withdrawal was sent to Budgett. If it had been sent prior to 11:00AM, on 6th September, then it would appear that Albatt had not entered into a legally binding agreement with Budgett (The Brimnes). However, if the fax was sent after 11:00AM the issue would turn on when Budgett’s acceptance letter had been validly posted (Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgesellschaft GmbH). If the letter was validly posted prior to the notice of withdrawal being received, Albatt will have entered into a contract with Budgett. If not, only the contract with Cansys will be valid. In light of the fact that the fax was received by Budgett at 10:30AM, no legally binding contract had been entered into between Albatt and Budgett (The Brimnes), irrespective of the fact that nobody read the fax until 5:00PM. Budgett Budgett’s legal position turns on the issue of when its letter of acceptance was validly posted, as set out above (Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgesellschaft GmbH). If it the letter was validly posted before Albatt’s notice of withdrawal was received, Budgett can sue for breach of contract if Albatt does not honour the agreement. If the notice of withdrawal was sent outside normal business hours, however, it would not become effective until the following day (providing that this was a normal working day) (Mondial Shipping and Chartering BV v Astarte Shipping Ltd). It is noteworthy that a court would place much emphasis on the intention of the parties (Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgesellschaft GmbH). However, given that Albatt’s fax was received by Budgett at 10:30AM on 6th September, a court would find that no contract had been entered into between the parties (The Brimnes). Nonetheless, Budgett may have a claim in neglige nce due to the mistake in the address put on the offer letter which was sent on 1st September and was directly responsible for the delay in Budgett’s acceptance being communicated to Albatt. Cansys Cansys communicated an offer to Albatt to do the servicing work on 4th September for ?160,000, per annum. However, the terms of an offer must be unconditionally accepted otherwise any attempt to introduce new terms shall constitute a counter-offer (Hyde v Wrench). Therefore, Albatt’s offer to give Cansys the contract for ?155,000, instead of ?160,000, would constitute a counter-offer which would negate the original offer. Nevertheless, Cansys accepted this offer and an agreement was struck between the parties. The facts of the case therefore indicate that Cansys entered into a legally binding contract with Albatt for the service of its electronic processors for the sum of ?155,000, per annum for five years on 5th September following a telephone conversation between the respective parties. Word Count: 1422 Bibliography Text Books Richards, P. (2008), Law of Contract, Eighth Edition, UK: Pearson Education Ltd Furmston, M. P., Cheshire, G. C. Fifoot, C. H. S. (2007), Chesire, Fifoot and Firmston’s Law of Contract, 15th Edn., USA: OUP Beale, Prof. H., Chitty on Contracts Volume 1: General Principles, UK: Sweet Maxwell Stone, R. (2011), The Modern Law of Contract, Ninth Edn., UK: Routledge Furmston, M., (2006), Powell-Smith and Furmston’s Building Contract Casebook, UK: Blackwell Publishing Case Law Adams v Lindsell (1818) 1 B Ald 681 Blackpool and Fylde Aero Club Ltd v Blackpool Borough Council [1990] 3 All ER 25 Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgesellschaft GmbH [1983] 2 AC 34 Chapelton v Barry UDC [1940] 1 KB 532 Entores v Miles Far East Corporation [1955] 2 QB 327 Gibson v Manchester City Council [1979] 1 All ER 972 Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance Co v Grant (1879) 4 Ex D 216 Hyde v Wrench (1840) 3 Beav 334 Mondial Shipping and Chartering BV v Astarte Shipping Ltd [1995] CLC 1011 Offord v Davies (1862) 12 CBNS 748 Powell v Lee (1908) 99 LT 284 New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd v A M Satterthwaite and Co. Ltd [1975] AC 154 Spencer v Harding (1870) LR 5 CP 561 The Brimnes [1975] QB 929 How to cite Construction Law Coursework, Essay examples