Health Care System in the U.S. - Issue Overview

The Athletic Association Football Team Defeated The...

Madison Demers Mrs.Frunker’s Class Creative Writing Period 3 26nd April 2016 Body paragraphs outline The date was November 12, 1892, a day that would forever be etched in sports history, although no one involved that day could possibly have recognized the importance of the day. It was the day that the Allegheny Athletic Association football team defeated the Pittsburgh Athletic Club. The game in itself was not a momentous event. But one of the circumstances of the game did make it a never to be forgotten moment in sports history – one of the AAA players, William (Pudge) Heffelfinger, was openly paid $500 to play the game. Because of this pro football made its entrance more than 100 years ago in comparatively concealed surroundings that could not possibly have provided the smallest clue to the world-wide popularity the sport would be destined to enjoy, particularly in the upcoming decades of pro football s first century. While the PAC had suspected something illegal was happening, there was no immediate evidence to back up its belief that the AAA had abandoned the standar d practices of the day by actually paying someone to play football. Absolute verification, in fact, did not become public for almost 80 years until the Pro Football Hall of Fame received and displayed a document – an expense accounting sheet of the Allegheny Athletic Association that clearly shows a game performance bonus to W. Heffelfinger for playing for $500. While it is possible that others wereShow MoreRelatedThe History Of The Nfl3666 Words   |  15 Pages1869, Rutgers and Princeton played a college soccer football game, which was the first of its kind, it took place November 6. The game itself used modified London Football Association rules, which were rules for soccer (USA soccer, everyone else Football.) 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The Universal Credit Program Project Management Free Essays

Management This report is addressed to the Universal Credit Project Board. Number of words: 1582 Executive Summary The Universal Credit Programme has failed in many eyes because of a lack of good project management. I researched the reasons of the lack of good project management and come to some good conclusions on the following subjects: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Universal Credit Program: Project Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Project Initiation The programme was underestimated and the goals where to optimistic, the effects of the project initiation are clearly linked back of the complications which appeared later on the project. For example the project has changed project manager 5 times because of a lack of transparency. The lack of transparency can be linked back to setting to many goals in the project initiation. The project should have research the details better on making an IT programme this big. 2. Project organisation and structure The programme has been approached with an agile method, a lot like scrum-method. The biggest mistake that was made is the lack of use of an agile project framework. It is logical that a programme from this size always includes Waterfall project management’. But in the Universal Credit programme the waterfall-managing ethod was counterworking the agile approach that was used. The project also lacks of a good stakeholders communication department, the communication with the stakeholders has been a big problem with the Universal Credit programme. More details about these conclusions can be found in the rest of the report. Introduction to the report For the course Project Management (344SAM) I am asked to write an report addressed to the Universal Credit Project Board. This is regarding the bad publicity the project has gotten lately from the press. The case study consists of an article form Brian Wernham where he claims that the Universal Credit Program has suffered from bad Project Management and a â€Å"lack of transparency’. In my research I will only use the information available till 5 September 2013, because this is the date when the report was published. In my research I will be focussing on the following 2 subjects: 1. Project initiation Brief background on project For this project I will be do research on the project management of the Universal Credit Programme. This program is developed to make a single monthly payment instead of all sorts separately benefits and tax credit top-ups payments. This rogram includes a ‘subsidy to work, people will be encouraged to work this way. To establish this project there must be a solid and reliable IT system. A lot of calculations have to been made and a lot of external influences must be taken in account. I’m going to research: What where the project goals, scope, organisation, business case, constraints? Which organisation and structure has been used? At the end of the report I will write my conclusions and recommendations. Project Initiation When the project was initiated at the end of 2012, there was a lot criticism on the project. This was mainly because of a lack of transparency; people didn’t really know what the programme meant. 1 1(The Ethical Deficit of the Proposed Universal Credit, Harley Dean, 2012, The Political Quarterly, Vol. 83, No. 2) The project initiation can be divided in 5 segments, which I will describe separately. Project Goals They are a lot of project goals for the universal credits programme: Good outcomes for claimants, Improved health (mental health especially), Increase the overall level of competencies and qualifications. Get more people from welfare into work. Reduce the amount of people getting homeless. And there are a lot of smaller goals stated in the report. They want to aim to process 95% of new housing benefits within 1 5 days. Also all the claims will merely be online processed. 3 Scope Entrepreneurial Council Board, Corporate Strategy and Governance Board. Project Organisation The project organisation consists of: 1 . Project Manager 2. Administrative employee 3. Trainee’s for staff 4. Online development 5. Communications and marketing 6. WMT The Entrepreneurial Council Board and WMT monitor the project. Business case There is no business case in the Project initiation document (PID). Constraints The PID says: â€Å"The current financial constraint being placed on the Council means we need to be creative about how we continue to deliver our services† 2 The budget and the quality are fixed. l will discuss this part in part 2. ) 2 (Project Initiation document. rtf, Alan Robinson, 2012, https:// knowledgenub. local. gov. uk/) 3 (Project Initation document (PID), Ali Ghanimi (project manager), John Magness (Project sponsor), August 2012, https://knowledgehub. local. gov. uk/) Criticism on the project initiation I will criticise all the parts of the project initiation separately. The project has a lot of goals and sub-goals. T his (as seen in the future) will lead to a lack of transparency because there can’t be send out one universal project goal. Also because of this high amount of goals there will be a lack of focus within the own organisation and even at the project manager. Project organisation The project organisation is monitored by the WMT itself; it could be useful to have influences from external parties. Also as seen in the future the complexity of the IT- part of this program is underestimated in this report. There should be more focus on how this IT-part is going to be set up and what kind of recourses are needed to chieve this. There is stated that no detailed business case is required. As shown in the future it would have been useful if they have done this part more detailed. The report would have set more directions for the programme as a whole. The price and quality are going to be fixed, getting the price fixed for an programme this size will require a lot of research in advance of the programme starting. This will take a lot of time and money and will exceed the 100million maximum development money that was agreed of in 2012 by the council office. 4 The universal credit has spent over 425 million pound on the development of Universal Credit, this could have been prevented by focussing more on the use of project management frameworks and a detailed business case which is supported with reliable research. 1 1 (Universal Credit, Incremental IT, Brian Wernham,2013, Course work briefing 344SAM, moodie) project INITIATION DOCUMENT (Pid) Project organisation and structure As seen in the previous part the project used ‘an agile development approach’. The costs and quality were fixed in advance. This is to ensure that the final product is really going to work. The development method, scrum, has been used, this is a flexible way of developing a roduct. The scrum was used without the use of a project management framework such as the Dynamic Systems Development. The programming was done by the scrum-like approach but as seen in section one of this report; this project has a lot of ‘big picture goals’; these goals fixed and are mainly in the Waterfall’ world. The board wanted a big up front design, which is crossing the scrum-like programming approach which is changing it’s goals and methods in an much higher speed. This big picture is counterworking the programmers. Below a illustration how the water-scrum-fall model works. In the Universal Credit System the ‘scrum’ didn’t have a change to be agile, once they went in a direction it was impossible to â€Å"swim back†. 2 1 (Water-scrum-fall model, Cristian Mesaros, Marketing Manager ,2013, www. iquestgroup. com/en/iquest-news/water-scrum-fall-model-life-sciences’) 2 (Universal Credit, Incremental IT, Brian Wernham,2013, Course work briefing 344SAM, moodle) The Overall governance structure is shown in the image below. It must be said that the project manager has been replaced 5 times in over a year of this programme running, how is this possible? The lack of transparency from day 1 has resulted in nclear targets. The project has been monitored by the WMT, this monitoring should have been more in collaborating with the lower-level mangers who where working with a way more flexible approach. Also is there a lack of a good stakeholders communication department, the communication with the stakeholders has been very bad and should have gotten more attention. (Preparing for Universal credit, London Borough of Lewisham local authority led pilot, August 2012, https://knowledgenub. local. gov. uk/) Conclusions The Universal Credit System is a project that has cost 4 times what was counted on. How is this possible and where can we put the blame? I’m going to give my conclusions on this research in 2 departments: Project Initiation The project had too much goals, which has lead to haziness for the ove rall The project has a lot of goals and sub-goals. This (as seen in the future) will lead to a lack of transparency because there cant be send out one universal project goal. Also money that was agreed of in 2012 by the council office. Project organisation and structure The project has changed 5 times of project manager because of a lack of transparency, intern and extern. Credit programme. I think the board underestimated he complexity ot this programme; overall the Universal Credit programme should have used project management a lot more. Recommendations Below a list of recommendations I make on what could have done better on the Universal Credit programme: Divide the programme in separate parts, with separate goals. How to cite The Universal Credit Program: Project Management, Papers

A moral Growth Essay Example For Students

A moral Growth Essay Throughout his life, Nick Carraway, one of the main characters of The Great Gastby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, always remembers his fathers words about criticize: just remember that all the people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had(p.5). Nick always tried to follow this advice by tolerating peoples actions. Moreover as the story continues, he experiences a moral growth by making constructive judgements, that instead of hurting people, helps him to realize the world that he is living in. Human beings are always tend to criticize people about their actions without really knowing what is going on trough the life of a person. Which is the reason why Nick never likes to judge anyone. Nick goes with Tom to New York, but before this both of them go to the village of ashes where Tom says: I want you to meet my girl (p.28) referring to Myrtle Wilson, his lover. Nick never objects or agrees with his cousins husband having an affair with Myrtle. It doesnt mean that Daisy wasnt important to him, but his habit of not criticizing leads him to tolerate this situation. Moreover, the conceal personality of Nick, guides him to keep quite. When Nick, Tom, and Daisy arrived to New York, Nick is invited by them to a small party in which at the end the constant repetition of f Daisys name by Myrtle leads to: Making a short deft movement Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand (p.41). Even though this was a bad action, a show off, again, Nick keeps quite without saying any word. Th e corruption of the American dream is increasing constantly, which is ignored by Nick since hes not able to think beyond of what he sees. The abstinence of discuss about anything makes Nick a coward and carelessness person since he doesnt want to confront the reality. The environment around Nick in East Egg helps him to become a full responsible person. Because of his attitude of wanting: the world to be uniform and a sort of moral attention forever (p.6), Nick is introduced as an anti-social person. He doesnt talk with his neighbor, Gatsby, go out with some friends, or visit constantly his cousin, he wants to be just by himself. It also help him to avoid misunderstanding with others, and the farther apart he is from a person, the better opportunity for him to accomplish this goal. As Nick starts to interact with the society that he is living in, hes developing full responsibility. When Nick goes by the second time to Gatsbys party, he suddenly realized that: There were the same people, or at least the same sort of people, the same profusion champagne, the same many-colored, many-keyed commotion (p.110). Nick is now paying more attention to people. Hes now realizing that all those person that attends Gatsbys parties have just one objective, to hav e fun by drinking and eating, nothing else matters. Nick understands that his conceptions about people are wrong. Is just the beginning of his moral growing. Little by little Nick starts to understand that is impossible to make everything uniform, that not all the people had the same moral values as him, actually they are completely rotted. When Gatsby dies, no one shows up to help or say sorry. The only person that calls is Klipspringer asking if Nick could send him a pair of shows that he left, Nick couldnt stand that hanging up the phone. Now Nick begins to feel shame for Gatsby because he was used. Everyone went to his house because of the parties, food, and alcohol that was the only thing that really matters for them. On the other hand, feelings are more important to Nick than anything else. Owl-eyed is the only one that attends the funeral, he and the other people couldnt get to the house, at which Nick replies: Why, my God! They used to go there by the hundreds (p.183). Nick finally understands that the persons that surround him are materialist, cruel, and selfish, they just care about their comfort. Definitely, East Egg wasnt what he had hoped. It was just a place full of corruption and carelessness. His

On the oversea Merger and Acquisition of China Company Essays

On the oversea Merger and Acquisition of China Company On the oversea Merger and Acquisition of China Company 1. Introduction The global economic integration and global economic liberalization has promoted the fast growth of international merger & acquisition (M&A). With the deep development of global economy, M&A is booming like rising wind and scudding cloud, which has became one of the most important impetus of foreign direct investment (FDI) theories and global economic development. Therefore, comprehensive analyses of relevant theories and practices as well as relevant summaries of experience and lessons in these activities are of big significance. Especially in China, all of those will do much favor in the aspect of improving Chinese enterprises' proficiency in the worldwide competition. Despite of some limitations, the features of this dissertation can be summarized as follows: On the basis of related theories of international M&A, this paper chooses some innovative but important problems in oversea M&A activities such as financial strategic issues, financial risks and performance appraisal, which are rarely covered in existing literatures on this subject. The study on the financial problems of Chinese oversea M&A is closely according to both successful and failed cases of Chinese enterprises which show a scientific attitude of this dissertation towards this subject. This dissertation has filled in some blank arrears in this subject and hence it has preferable value to helping Chinese enterprises to improve multinational operation and build up global competitiveness in the world. 1.1Research background Stigler G. J. (1993) has conducted an investigation on the American large enterprises and pointed out that almost all the large enterprises researched were beneficial from the manner of M&A to some extent and almost all the American large enterprises did not depend mainly on internal expansion to make a difference. Despite the American large enterprises, historically speaking, the development of all the international enterprises across the world had demonstrated this argument and in some degree the history of international enterprises is the history of international M&A. So far there have existed five significant M&A waves in the history since 1870s. The first one occurred in 1870s and the period from 1898 to 1903 was the highlight of it. The first one was focused on the M&A in homogeneous industries which was actually horizontal M&A. The second one, on the contrary, was vertical which happened among enterprises of different levels in homogeneous industry. It existed from about 1916 to 1929. Moreover monopolies also appeared in several industries during the second period. From 1950s to the end of 1960s, the third M&A stream happened and it featured M&A diversification among different industries rather than homogeneous industry. From the middle of 1970s to 1980s, it was the time of the fourth one and it was characteristic of hostile takeover and leverage buyout through wide use of financial instrument. With the fast development of globalization, investment liberalization, international trade liberalization and capital market integration, a new highlight happened from the middle of 1990s till now. Compared with the former ones, the latest has many special characteristics. Firstly the scale of it is rather large. From the year of 1990 to the year of 2004, the number of M&A cases across the world has increased from 9000 to 20000 and the money used in relevant fields of M&A has also rose from 290 billion dollars to 1844 billion dollars. According the data from Dealogic which serves as the supplier of global financial data, the total money spend on M&A across the world in 2005 reached 2900 billion dollars which increased by 40% compared with that in 2004 and ranked number one during the period from the year of 2000 till now. Moreover, the money spent on single M&A case has also reached the top of its history. For example, in 2000 American Online purchased Time Warner at the cost of 155 billion dollars. In 1999, Pfizer spent 82.4 billion dollar on the purchase of Warner-Lambert. Exxon took over Mobil at the cost of 8.14 billion dollar in 1998. Then the second characteristic is that the horizontal type of M&A captures the predominant position. Most of the existing M&A events have adopted horizontal manner, namely M&A among homogeneous industry and took place on a large scale. Furthermore, these M&A events have

Free Essays on The Unmasking

The Unmasking â€Å"Any great work of art revives and readapts time and space, and the measure of it’s success is the extent to which it makes you an inhabitant of that world- the extent to which it invites you in and lets you breathe it’s strange, special air† (Bernstein). An artist must create a different universe, one that surpasses culture, time, and personal philosophies. This new universe should surround and open a viewer’s eyes and lead to a new understanding of their own world. An example of genuine art is Diego Rivera’s painting â€Å"Mother’s Helper† (Rivera), which displays the simplicity of life without technology. It display’s the love of family, and nature, drives a person to appreciate the things around them. Upon reflection of true art, the viewer’s philosophy, their path to the truth, should be reworked, against society and the mold they came from. An existentialist who has always sought the truth through persona l experience may come to the revelation that Jesus Christ displays the truth after being stirred by moving artwork. A pragmatist, who believed the end justifies the means, could realize that their pure form is in nature, as a transcendentalist (Newton). Being raised Roman Catholic (Priola 1), the author Cormac McCarthy adopted the spoon fed philosophy of his parents, later coming to his own conclusions, expressed in his novels. He expresses personal views of an evil society, attempting to stretch the perception of the reader, using a common focus. McCarthy has a â€Å"pattern of using characters who struggle against a brutal hostile world and All the Pretty Horses carries on the tradition† (Cormac 3). In most of his earlier novels, Blood Meridian, The Orchard Keeper, & Suttree, McCarthy uses these themes. A sort of revolution in the mind of the main character is also expected in the writings of McCarthy. His unique writing style of vivid imagery and integrating Spanish gives McCarthy a ... Free Essays on The Unmasking Free Essays on The Unmasking The Unmasking â€Å"Any great work of art revives and readapts time and space, and the measure of it’s success is the extent to which it makes you an inhabitant of that world- the extent to which it invites you in and lets you breathe it’s strange, special air† (Bernstein). An artist must create a different universe, one that surpasses culture, time, and personal philosophies. This new universe should surround and open a viewer’s eyes and lead to a new understanding of their own world. An example of genuine art is Diego Rivera’s painting â€Å"Mother’s Helper† (Rivera), which displays the simplicity of life without technology. It display’s the love of family, and nature, drives a person to appreciate the things around them. Upon reflection of true art, the viewer’s philosophy, their path to the truth, should be reworked, against society and the mold they came from. An existentialist who has always sought the truth through persona l experience may come to the revelation that Jesus Christ displays the truth after being stirred by moving artwork. A pragmatist, who believed the end justifies the means, could realize that their pure form is in nature, as a transcendentalist (Newton). Being raised Roman Catholic (Priola 1), the author Cormac McCarthy adopted the spoon fed philosophy of his parents, later coming to his own conclusions, expressed in his novels. He expresses personal views of an evil society, attempting to stretch the perception of the reader, using a common focus. McCarthy has a â€Å"pattern of using characters who struggle against a brutal hostile world and All the Pretty Horses carries on the tradition† (Cormac 3). In most of his earlier novels, Blood Meridian, The Orchard Keeper, & Suttree, McCarthy uses these themes. A sort of revolution in the mind of the main character is also expected in the writings of McCarthy. His unique writing style of vivid imagery and integrating Spanish gives McCarthy a ...

Music paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music paper - Essay Example There is no doubt that the outward appearance of these two is very dissimilar to each other, however, both are alike. Starting from the basic elements of the two, they are analogous. The elements of music can be taken to be different manifestations of the elements of visual arts. For example, color in visual arts can be comparable to harmony in music. Color is a very important element of visual arts – use of color is what makes the piece of art stand apart: the amount as well as the technique in which color is applied to a visual art piece will definitely go a long way in qualifying and categorizing it. Moreover, if color is not properly or appropriately used, it can have a devastating effect in visual arts. Similarly, in music, harmony is what sets a piece of music apart from the rest. Harmony, or lack of it, can make a certain piece of music enjoyable or unpleasant. Also, harmony can also help in classifying music, just like color does in visual arts. Moreover, value, a way of analyzing the intensity of color in visual arts, can be parallel to timbre in music, which analyzes the intensity of tone in music. Often, visual artists use the intensity of color, or lack thereof, to portray a certain feeling through the piece they are creating. Such is the case in music as well: musicians also take advantage of timbre in their musical piece to portray certain emotions or to give a certain feel or effect to their creation. The use of space in visual also has its parallel in music. There is a certain sense that visual arts can give with their use of space, not only in helping in its classification but also in the overall effect or feel of the piece. Varying use of space can make the same subject matter have different feels in various manifestations of visual arts. In music, the counterpart of use of space can be rhythmic sense. It is through rhythmic sense or rhythm that music is often arranged. And just like use

Personal development plan for preparing to the financial advisor exam Essay

Personal development plan for preparing to the financial advisor exam - Essay Example I end the first section with a set of time-based goals and objectives for the next twenty years. The next section is an analysis of my personal competence and characteristics. In the third section, I discuss and analyse the profession I want to practice, that of becoming a financial advisor. The fourth section contains a general plan of objectives, goals, strategies, and measurements (OGSM) to prepare myself to pass the financial advisor examinations in May 2006. The final section contains Tables from the previous sections. I define my Mission as the basic purpose for why I think I exist. I define my Vision as my aspiration in life, what I want to achieve in the future. I define my Core Values as the standards of personal and professional behaviour that will guide me in realising my mission and attaining my vision (Cottrell, 2003, p. 12). I believe that without a clear direction of where I want to go, why I want to go there, and the basic rules that will guide me in this journey of my life, it will be difficult for me to reach my destination, much less know how I will get there (Maxwell, 1998, p. 168). I am a person who always tries to find a reason for everything I do, and in this story of my life, I feel that my life has a specific mission that it is my destiny, and mine alone, to fulfil. What is my specific Mission? I have been thinking about this for some time, and I found the answer by asking myself the question of how I want to be remembered in this world. Among the many answers that came to mind, the one that appeals to me most is this: I want to make a mark in the world by changing the lives of people in ways they have never imagined. I want to be someone people will remember not as rich, well known, admired, or praised, placed on a pedestal by people who will raise their eyes and say, â€Å"Yes, this person is different from us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  No, I would rather be someone

Worlds Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Worlds Religion - Essay Example Because man is a social being, with that same goal, had manage to form religion. Man’s individuality had caused the sprout of several religions then eventually to sects and other smaller groups. Despite their differences, still there’s the basic ideology shared by the world’s religions. But what has made few of these religions stand out? Let me have a very brief insight on how each of them had managed to be so. Christianity, being the largest religion, offers salvation as its primary attraction. Having â€Å"Jesus Christ† as its primary human influence, it shows the way for man to end his mortal sufferings. With the promise of liberation form sickness, poverty, isolation and all the possible torments, it had appeal to many. They had made the â€Å"Bible† as a historically reliable source comprehensible, making its proliferation easy. It had draw allot of ordinary people, as it deals with moral intuitions in a basic view of what is good and evil. Its success is not merely on the religious level though, for it has established a realm of mutual social support for the members that joined its church.

Data warehousing and data mining

Data warehousing and data mining Abstract This paper aims to discuss about data warehousing and data mining, the tools and techniques of data mining and data warehousing as well as the benefits of practicing the concept to the organisations. It also includes the trends and application in data warehouse and data mining in current business communities. Keywords Database, data warehouse, data mining, database management. Introduction Organisation uses information systems to record and retrieve data from daily transactions. The information systems via the database that link to it provides valuable data for making important and strategic decisions in regards to the well-being of a company. An organisation can predict the expectation that is yet to come from the data that they possessed. The data can also be used to provide possible solutions to overcome the problems that they faced, and even, they can use the data to obtain competitive advantage in their business environment. Database has reduces, if not in some place, vanish the old method of storing and keeping the information, that is, through the usage of the traditional filing system. The change towards digitization of data and the establishment of data repository has created a new term in the field of information systems, new position in the organisation, and a new way of doing business and daily transactions in human life. This paper will discuss further about the two terminologies which is data warehouse and data mining from the perspective of database management in the organisation. At the same time, this paper will also include some cases and issues about data warehouse in the organisation according to real situation based on the literatures. According to William H. Inmon, data warehouse is a set of integrated, subject oriented databases designed to support Decision Support Systems (DSS) functions, where each series of data is precise to some period of time. It is said that data warehouse contains atomic data and lightly conclude the data. On the other hand, data mining is the search for valuable information in large volumes of data (Weiss Indurkhya, 1998). It is the process of nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful information such as knowledge rules, constraints, and regularities from data stored in repositories using pattern recognition technologies as well as statistical and mathematical techniques (Technology Forecast, 1997; Piatetsky-Shapiro and Frawley, 1991). As mentioned earlier, many organisations nowadays use computers especially through the usage of information system to collect particulars of business transactions such as records of banking operations, sales of retails, productions of factory, telecommunications and other transactions. Consequently the data mining tools are used to expose positive potentials and association from the data collected. Background of data warehousing and data mining The following part point up the historical evolution of the database and directly discuss about data warehouse and data mining. A brief history of data warehousing and data mining are included. Furthermore is the issues faced in the early years of implementing the concept of data warehousing and data mining and where both concepts are useful. Data warehousing started in the late 1980s from the IBM lab and the responsible researchers are Barry Devlin and Paul Murphy. They started by the development of business data warehouse for decision support surroundings. In the early 1990s, it became a trend for organisations to meet the growing demand for organising information. However Haisten (1999), a columnist for Information Management Website, mentioned that the concept of data warehouse take shape in early 1970s through a study that started out at MIT with the aim to provide optimal technical architecture. And now, the next generation of data warehousing called Trend in Data Warehouse (TDWI) is mushrooming and become popular in many organisations that use information as their vital capitals. The emergence of data mining began in the late of 1980s and it flourished by 1990s. There are three roots that can be traced back along three family lines on the origin of data mining, which are the classical statistics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. In order to automate the process of extracting the data which are increased every single time, human has increased the power of computer and data storage. For that reason, the amount of data becomes huge and more complex. Primarily, Bayes theorem (1997) and Regression analysis has identify patterns in data. The data mining is actually the process or method by using greater discovering in computer science engineering such as neural networks, clustering process, genetic algorithm and decision trees. Data mining can be said as a method to help with the collection of observation of behaviour. Ayre (2006) stated in his paper that todays data mining techniques is due to the work of mathematician, logicians, and computer scientist join together to create Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning dated back from the 1950s. That was a very basic spark for data mining ideology. As mention earlier, in the 1960s, AI and statistic practitioners created new algorithm such as regression analysis, maximum likelihood estimates, neural networks, bias reduction, and linear model. Also in 1960s, the field of information retrieval (IR) made its contribution in the form of clustering techniques and similarity measures. At these time techniques were applied to text document, but they would later be utilized when mining data in databases and other large, distributed data sets (Dunham, 2003). In 1997, Connecticut-based Gartner Group report has mentioned about data mining and artificial intelligence are at the top five ranking of major technology areas that will clearly have a main crash transversely the whole scope of business unit within the incoming three to five years. Presently, data mining techniques and tools are being prolonged to the variety of areas. For instance, the data mining tools like intelligent text-mining system will extract the text waste pertinent to user queries. The above is the process of how the data is transport to database and data warehouse and selection process by using data mining techniques and technology. And then it show us how the information form by the translating the data to be deploy in business. Approaches of data warehousing and data mining in various industries The industry of finance, sales and marketing, administration and others should see information as corporate source but the many local narrow systems that held that information simply did not give way the incorporated commercial viewpoint that was required. (Inmon, 2007) Even though operational data is a greater asset to the organisation, it seemed data is usually not making use to its full capable. Therefore, data warehouse basically is to enable users appropriate access to breaking apart and complete view of the organisation, supporting forecasting and decision-making process at the managerial stage. Additionally, data warehouse can achieve information consistency by carry data from dissimilar data foundations into centre of database. Users from different department for instances, can view the data from consistent single one place repository. The layer of data in data warehouse makes the information consistent by enable data around the data warehouse to be describe in business terms as against to using database terminology. The establishment of data that enforce how business terms are declared or calculated are also defined in the metadata layer and then served to the users. Because of the data in the data warehouse is non-volatile but it must be d esign to adapt the changes periodically. It is because terminologies use in business cannot run from changes. Mannino and Walter (2004) in their study about the refreshment of data warehouse stated that data warehouse refreshment is a complex process comprising many tasks, such as extraction, transformation, integration, cleaning, key management, history management, and loading. This study is base on interviewed of 13 organisations and the author conclude that daily refresh during nonbusiness hours were the most common policy. Sometimes data warehouse is not fully utilized by organisation or it being used by company but not all departments. In a case studied by Payton (2005) conclude that there are three factors why data warehouse is disappointed them. It is because; marketings lack of trust in the data in CDW (Corporate data warehouse); marketings low perceived quality of the data; and marketings perceived lack of incorporation of their needs in the design of the data warehouse and data warehouse interface. Data mining in the industries like information provider as library involved in digital libraries gain benefits from it as they found the method to classify information automatically and apply new way to clustering the subject called MetaCombined the project. Besides database, data mining can be useful in a variety data types like text, spatial data, temporal data, images, and other complex data. Data warehousing and data mining in telecommunication The telecommunication industry is fast fitting the main user of high quantity information system. The problem faced by telecommunication industry is the generation of information which is too fast and in tremendous condition. The difficulties occur when a user, either a manager or high executive, needs access to stored information. If the time is not the issue to search what they want in that kind of stored data where they put in different places, it will not be an issue at all but time limitation is consuming. For instance, in order to produce a report regarding subscriber, an executive need to extract the data, do some analysis, and some other step to make it presentable to their officer. What else can enhance all this besides technology? The exact question to ask is; what is the technology that can be very helpful in this situation? The answer is through the application of data warehousing and data mining. In real case studied by Papaiacovous, Bramblet, and Burgess (n.d) in a paper titled Data Warehouse: A telecommunication Business Solution; they described about the difficulties to produce report. They then design personalized systems which exceed the traditional borders of data warehousing systems by assembling and keeping only important data, analyzing and transforming the data, and then summarizing and rearranging it in according to the demands of the user. Another interesting article by Gomez (1998), expressed the hope that cellular companies and other communications firms to strongly consider data warehousing as a way to achieve competitive advantage. The author also reviews new way to data warehousing that have established successful in compliant concrete business benefits. Service providers realize due to the competition in the marketplace, they need to provide the best for their customer or risk to lose them. It is because customer can simply change their telecommunication service provider if they are not satisfied with their current provider. So the provider must get the knowledge in customers hand about what they want actually. After all the data about the customer are collected via online and phone survey, a data warehouse can enhance the executive to analyze and segments customer into groups by their product usage patterns, demographic characteristics, etc. Telecommunications companies produce tremendous quantity of data. These data consist of call detail data, which describes the calls that cross the telecommunication networks; network data, which explain the position of the hardware and software components in the network, and customer data. Data mining can be used to uncover useful information buried within these data sets. Telecommunication companies might counter fraud from customer that intends to use the service without paying for it. It happens when the users register and manipulate the registration information. The most regular way for identifying fraud is to construct a profile of customers calling behaviour and compare recent activity against this behaviour. Thus, this data mining application relies on deviation detection. The calling behaviour is captured by summarizing the call detail records for a customer. Here is the issue on data mining. In the customer case study by the company ECtel n order to sell their data mining product for fraud detection called FraudView noted that selling data mining product to a telecommunication provider has been traditionally difficult because they dont have data mining experts on staff who can work conventional data mining tools. Additionally, there are many ways to run away from paying for telecommunication services, from stealing phone card to bypassing phone circuitry. ECtel created FraudView, the solution that uses SPSS Inc.s advanced data mining workbench, which enable the detection of telecommunications fraud in real time. Data mining in telecommunication industries is not limited to detect fraud only but it also can be used as network fault isolation, marketing or customer profiling, etc. This is owing to the three main sources of telecommunication data which are call detail, network, and customer data. Data warehouse and data mining in financial services How a retail bank can truly understand and predict its customers needs to the point where it can design product and services that suit those needs? One way of looking at customers can be from the standpoint of channel usage. In the UKs Llyods Bank/TSB merger, data were sourced from both their data warehouse, and then used to segment the customer base by service channel usage. Customers were allocated to segment on their usage of the following channels: ATMs, automated (direct debits/standing orders), cards (credit card and debit) and telephone (Peppard, 2000). Financial institutions struggle with the large amount of data on every transaction deal. Data warehouse helps financial service organisations to analyse large, complex, and rapidly growing data volumes in a quicker way for better decision making and faster speed back to the market. Fundamentals of data mining in finance are coming from the need to forecast multidimensional time series with high level of noise, accommodate specific efficiency criteria, make coordinated multiresolution forecast, and also incorporate a stream of text signals as input data for forecasting models (Kovalerchuck Vityaev, 2002 ). As noted by Kovalerchuck Vitayaev, four main reason why data mining need to be implemented in finance is because the emergence of high volume databases such as commercial data warehouse and computer automated data recording; advances in computer technology such as faster and bigger computer engines and parallel architectures; fast access to vast amounts of data, and the ability to apply computationally intensive statistically methodology to these data. Data mining is used to forecast the target variable, performing the contribution varies in percent within todays closing price and the price five days later, along with next days prediction. Data warehouse and data mining in health service In healthcare there is not much transaction as business environment. The data is about outpatient, visits to doctor office, procedure and so forth. Instead of numerical data, healthcare has textual description if the different medical counters. And there is a little bit problems here, where the technology that own a old method of data warehouse is created to manage process of transacting data that is very conquered by arithmetical information. When textual, non-transactional information is come across, the old method data warehouse technology nowadays is simply at a defeat to handle healthcare information. (Inmon, 2007). Then, if the data is not a number but a textual; it must be kept with different understanding of phrase. It just likes a different language. In order to be standardized, there has to be creation of same vocabulary for instance, with the purpose to gain understanding for all. Then it can be kept in the data warehouse. In a case study written by Kumar and Raval (n.d), they traced a large global pharmaceutical, which has a huge data of clinical trials for a number of drugs projects. Due to data collection and analyses operations that are broadening across the world, it is harder to implement data standards. Even harder to enforce was the programming and validation standards that are required of pharmaceutical companies. Primarily, a data warehouse is an operational middle ground and disparate and incompatible to a big quantity of systems put together to diverse collection from end user platform. In another case, Whiting (2001) reported a healthcare name Intermountain Health that used data warehouse to make an analysis handling provided to its cardiovascular patients for five years. From the result, it improves service provided after the patients return home. These are the data mining in healthcare and insurance where it can give beneficial such as providing claims analysis, it means determine which medical procedure are claimed together. It helps in predicting which customer will buy new policies and can identify behaviour pattern or risky customer and also prevent fraud. Data warehouse and data mining in retail industry The challenge in retailer business actually is inundate of data, the battle of data and expired data. To cope with these challenges, many retailers are building unified repositories of data known as data warehouse. In the early implementation of data warehousing technology in 1990s, the retail business has gained benefits of practical data warehouse. From the daily historical sales reporting database created over past few years ago, retailer can expanded the use of analytical systems to support and produce vital decision. The retail industry is going through a transformation. Data warehouse enable retailers to carry out on their major products, including activities such as inventory replacement, purchasing, and vendor management across multiple other multiple. Financial planning, adjusting for stock outs to seed a top-down financial plan provides all of the data necessary to support well-organized process for the confirmation of invoice accuracy to strategy-based pricing solution. Simple application that can implement the concept of data mining for retail industries are SQL server 2008 and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. To stay competitive, retailer must understand not only current consumer behaviour but must also be able to predict future consumer behaviour. Accurate prediction and an understanding of customer behaviour can help retailers keep customers, improve sales, and extend the relationship with their customers. SQL server 2008 provide predictive analysis through data mining and Microsoft Excel 2007 offer data mining capabilities that can help retailers make better decision. The application that is common for business retail in data mining such as market basket analysis, fraud detection, database marketing, sales forecasting, and also merchandise planning and allocation. Data mining is so beneficial in retailer industries! Recommendations In the business world a transaction is repeated again and again and many of them deal with data in numerical. The same activity repeats with different customers and different figures. To release from this mess, data warehouse and data mining provide solution. Even though data warehouse and data mining is a strategic investment to the business world but it can be risky without a proper understanding of the concept. Governance or control is important to support the implementation of data warehouse and data mining. There must be a proper standard to ensure compatibility in processing the data especially for textual data used in the health industry. There should also be a policy and to manage the data warehouse. It is highly recommended that to be successful in the implementation of data warehouse or/and data mining, an organisations are required to have extensive or comprehensive knowledge about the data in their company. This is to guarantee that a well structured data warehouse can be constructed. A well structured data warehouse consequently will help organisation to exploit via data mining the data that they have. Organisation should also know what exactly they want to implement in their organisation so that the right tools for data mining can be used. And finally, a strong support from top management is important to deploy data warehouse and data mining because the investment on these is not cheap. Conclusion Insufficient of data is no longer a trouble but lack of ability to breed valuable information from data is the issue today. The answer for those issues is through the implementation of data warehouse and the power to use data mining techniques and tools. Nevertheless, the realisation and the awareness of data warehouse and data mining in the organisation should take into consideration many aspects regardless of what industries. The aspects include support of the top management, understanding of the data needed by the organisation, governance and policy, the right design of the data warehouse, and the right tools or techniques for data mining. Bibliography Dunham, M.H. (2003). Data mining introductory and advanced topics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Kovalerchuk, B., Vityaec, E. (2002). Data mining in finance advances in relational hybrid methods. USA: Kluwer Academic Publisher. Wang, J. (2003). Data mining opportunities and challenges. USA : Idea Group Publishing. Keng Siau. (2003). Advanced Topics in database research. USA : Idea Group Publishing. M. Kumar Sagar., Raval, H. (n.d). Data warehousing in pharmaceutical and healthcare: an industry perspective. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from: http://www2.sas.com/proceedings/sugi24/Dataware/p115-24.pdf Mannino, V. M., Walter, Z. (2006). A framework for a data warehouse refresh policies. Decision Support System, 42, 121-143. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from: www.sciencedirect.com Syncort Inc. (2010). Business drivers and enabling technologies for clickstream data warehouse initiatives [White Paper]. Retrieved from www.syncsort.com/clickstream Balog, K. (2004). An intelligent support system for developing text classifies. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from: http://balog.hu/itm/thesis.pdf Sang Jun Lee , Keng Siau. (2001). A review of data mining techniques. Industrial Management and Data System. 101/1, 41-46. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from: http://www.emerald-library.com/ft Karthik Jayashankar. (2007). Data mining tools for analytics application in retail. Information Management Online. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from: http://www.information-management.com/white_papers/10000547-1.html Hackney, D. (1999). A data warehouse is subject-oriented. Are they any rules to go about defining the subjects? Information Management Online. Retrieved January 25, 2010 from: http://www.information-management.com/news/1331-1.html Adelman, S., Moss, L, (1999). Data warehouse goals and objectives. Part 3: Long term objectives. Information Mangement Online. Retrieved January 25, 2010 from: http://www.information-management.com/issues/19991101/1564-1.html Bertman, J. (2005). Dispelling myth and creating legends for your e-biz intelligence warehouse. [Power Point Slides]. Retrieved from www.dgigusa.com Luja ´n-Mora, S., Trujillo, J., Il-Yeol Song. (2006). A UML profile for multidimensional modeling in data warehouse. Data Knowledge Engineering, 59, 725-769. Retrieved January 25, 2010 from: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6TYX-4HWXJXG-1-2R_cdi=5630_user=6533825_pii=S0169023X0500176X_orig=search_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2006_sk=999409996view=cwchp=dGLbVtz-zSkWAmd5=35d7b25297f3ee013bded90b43ecf5bbie=/sdarticle.pdf Shin-Yuan Hung, Yen, D., C., Hsiu-Yu Wang. (2006). Applying data mining to telecom churn management. Expert System with Application, 31, 515-524. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa Weiss, G., M. (n.d). Data mining in telecommunications. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.60.955rep=rep1type=pdf Lamont, J. (2000). Datawarehousing in the telecommunications industry. KMworld Magazine. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://www.kmworld.com/Articles/Editorial/Feature/Data-warehousing-in-the-telecommunications-industry-9153.aspx Gomez, J. (1998). Data warehousing for the telecom industry. Information Management Online. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://www.information-management.com/issues/19981201/260-1.html Papaiacovou, D., Bramblett, L., D., Burgess, J. (n.d). Data warehouse: A telecommunicaitons Business Solution. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://www2.sas.com/proceedings/sugi22/DATAWARE/PAPER135.PDF Thompson, B. (2005). Information and communications technology and industrial property. Journal of Property and Investment Finance, 23 (6), 506-5015. Peppard, J. (2000). Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in financial service. European Management Journal, 18 (3), 312-327. Rogers, G., Joyner, E. (n.d). Mining your data for health care quality improvement. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://www2.sas.com/proceedings/sugi22/DATAWARE/PAPER135.PDF Silver, M., Hua-Ching Su., Dolins, S. B. (n.d). Case study: how to apply data mining techniques in a healthcare data warehouse. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://www.himss.org/content/files/jhim/15-2/him15208.pdf Bach, M., P., Cosic, D. (2008). Data mining usage in health care management: literature survey and decision tree application. Med Glas, 5 (1), 57-64. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://www.ljkzedo.com.ba/M8_10.pdf Inmon, B. (2007). Data warehousing in a healthcare environment. Administration Newsletter. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://www.tdan.com/view-articles/4584 McEachern, C., Stern, L, Bell, L. (1998). Data warehousing in the health care industry Three perspective. Information Management Online. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://www.information-management.com/issues/19980301/696-1.html Whiting, R. (2001). Data analysis to health cares rescue. IT helps health-care group identify best clinical practices. Infrormation Week. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://www.information-management.com/issues/19980301/696-1.html Haisten, M. (1999). The next stage in data warehouse evolution, part 1. Information Management Online. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://www.information-management.com/news/946-1.html Ayre, L., B. (2006). Data mining for information professionals. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://techessence.info/files/Ayre_DataMiningForInformationProfessionals_June2006.pdf Ross, D. (2005). Retail data warehousing the-state-of-the-art. BeyeNetwork. Retrived February 12, 2010 from: http://www.b-eye-network.com/view/769 Adams, M. (2008). Microsoft SQL server predictive analytics for the retail industry. Retrieved February 12, 2010 from: http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:kCA9HUfe0VcJ:download.microsoft.com/download/6/9/d/69d1fea7-5b42-437a-b3ba-a4ad13e34ef6/PredAnalyticsRetail.docx+Predictive+Analytics+for+the+Retail+Industry+SQL+Server+Technical+Articlecd=1hl=enct=clnkgl=my Russom, P. (2009). Next generation data warehouse platforms. 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tragoed Essay on the Tragic Flaws of Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex)

The Tragic Flaws of Oedipus Rex    At one time in our lives there is a moment that we may think of ourselves as better than someone or something else. There may also be a point when making a decision leads to a great error in judgment. In the play Oedipus Rex, written by Sophocles, both of these characteristics can be seen in the main character. These characteristics are known as tragic flaws. These flaws are known as hubris meaning excess pride, leading to overconfidence, and hamartia meaning errors and weakness in judgment. Both of these characteristics are the main reason of destruction and downfall in mankind and the tragic hero in this play. The tragic hero is unable to escape his misfortune that is destined to happen. There are many more tragic flaws other than these two that also contribute to the falling of the hero. The destruction and downfall can be seen as fate. Even though the hero chooses his own actions, the resulting consequences that come about are ones that are unable to be changed. As seen, no one i s able to outrun his or her own fate.    Oedipu...

Assessing Corporate Culture Essay

1. Scheins approach to assessing organizational culture a. Strengths of scheins approach to assessing organizational culture Schein defines and describes culture as any one of many elements of organizational culture. The culture of an organization can be viewed and treated like other structures within an organization. Certain organizations such as by-laws, committees, and chain of command flow charts, may serve to answer basic questions such as â€Å"how do we interact with the external environment?† and â€Å"how do we order ourselves internally?† As an organization responds to these questions, the responses become core assumptions. These core assumptions become the frames through which the organization interprets the world round it. In place of questionnaire or instrument that utilizes typologies, Schein prefers clinical research model of assessing organizational culture. In this model of organizational culture investigation, the researcher gets much more directly involved within the organization by acting as participant o bserver or ethnographer. He suggests that members of the organization will more openly respond to the researcher and the investigation because the members of the organization think they have something to gain by collaborating with the researcher. Schein believes that valid data on the culture of the organization will only be collected when the researcher is perceived as the consultant who is seeking to help the organization and has the best interest of the organization in mind. Schein admits that the clinical model of evaluating organizational culture assumes that the researcher intervenes in the culture of the organization. If the organization perceives that the researcher is helping to make changes that will benefit the organization, then the research will accurately yield the cultural dynamics of the organization. b. Weaknesses of Schein approach to assessing organizational culture The results gained from qualitative result are limited to specific cases under investigation. Direct comparison cannot be made between the results from other studies unless the research is specifically designed in that manner. Furthermore, results cannot be generalized to other settings and links to organization’s performance are rarely explored. One significant weakness to Schein’s approach (qualitative method) is the time needed for data collection and analysis which makes the research more costly and time consuming 2. Cameron and Quinn approach a. Strengths of Cameron and Quinn approach to assessing organizational culture Cameron and Quinn provide an evaluation tool called the organizational culture assessment inventory (OCAL). The OCAI is a survey instrument established on a theoretical model called the competing value framework. This framework is valuable for organizing and interpreting various phenomena within an organization. The competing values framework refers to whether an organization strives for flexibility and individuality or stability and control, whether or not an organization is focused externally or internally. The purpose of the OCAI is to discern the relative strengths of these culture types within a given organization. Used over time, the OCAI can measure culture changes within the organization. Cameron and Quinn observe many cases in the business world where culture change is the key to increasing organizational effectiveness. The four major culture types proposed by Cameron and Quinn embody these competing values: clan-internal/control; adhocracy-external/flexible; market-external/control; hierarchy-internal/control. In fact pure control (hierarchy), compete (market), collaborate (clan), or create (adhocracy) are extremely rare. Most of the company cultures that have been diagnosed using Cameron and Quinn’s organization culture instrument indeed have a strong secondary component. Cameron and Quinn identify the cultural and organizational competencies that give rise to value creation. It explains how cultural and leadership competencies can be profiled which, in turn, can lead to a diagnosis of culture gaps, cultural congruency and cultural strength. 3. London first united church Cameron and Quinn’s model is appropriate for this church. This approach is built around clan, adhocracy, market and hierarchy. These four maps themes were also used in the analysis of how organizational culture of London first united Methodist church chances with structural inventions. The church is both an organization and an organism. As such, the church has a lifecycle development built into it: birth, growth, reproduction, decline, and death. The church itself historically has through several changes. Change as renewal is a major aspect of the Methodist movement. Much of the rise and fall of the Methodism can be traced to how the church was willing, or not, to change. Oftentimes, organizations experience growth and/or renewal because of structural changes within the organization. The four maps themes therefore fit this church.

buy custom Hamlet’s and Titus’s “Madness” and Its Function essay

buy custom Hamlet’s and Titus’s â€Å"Madness† and Its Function essay Madness in its function as a theme in both the works of Hamlet and Titus is a major theme. Madness itself by definition is a mental incapacity that could have been caused by an unmentionable injury. Most of the injuries are internal within the mind of the subject and do not reveal themselves until put in the right set of circumstances such as instances of stress. The Titus and Hamlet stories have been replayed in the form of film as well as in paperback. Their stories are having similar themes of madness that have been expressed in different ways. Perception of Titus The movie version of Titus Andronicus sees him as the protagonist. He is the great general quite similar to Maximus Aurelius in the gladiator film, full of dignity and chivalry just returned from war. The people revere and admire their great general and request that he become their king in their time of chaos. He is quite an honorable person, and a loving father. He is the type that sticks to tradition and this is where his weakness lies where he fails to read and adapt to the changing emotional climate around him. According to the religious ritual, he mercilessly sacrifices the son of the Goth queen. This is the first act that helps tip the dominoes in the order of events. The rest of the events proceed to fall into place after this act. He falls into a madness that rivals that of the great king Lear. The armor that surrounded the world around him and gave him protection is shattered and, thus, he cannot maintain a steady view of the world that he currently is in. In other words, he became acutely aware of how the world worked and this shatters the confidence he once had in the way that it works. This is the injury that we cannot see and yet manifests itself in the stressful situations that he faces. He once acknowledges in a scene, which would be bittersweet and a bit absurd that the goddess of justice had fled the world. In this respect, he finds a solution in writing letters and strapping them around arrows and shooting them at the heavens in a bid to solicit attention from the gods on the wrongs he experiences. This leads him to transform his madness into vengeance and he embarks on a path that sees him as a mystery chef. Here, he ends up serving up his enemies in pies and their mother eats these. Perception of Hamlet in the play The plot for Hamlet follows a similar path of madness whereby, the death of his father sees the young prince Hamlet return home from studies in Wittenberg to the Danish court. At this time, less than two months had passed since the passing of the king and yet the older brother had taken over things in many ways. He became the ruler of Denmark and the second husband to Gertrude who is the mother of Hamlet. The prince is quite disturbed by the new turn of events. On the one hand, he is grieving for the death of his father, and on the other, his brother has insulted his memory by marrying his mother. His brother has also taken leadership of the empire. He needed to make sense of the new world he lived in at that time. Element of madness The ghost of the dead king appears to Hamlet and tells him that Claudius, Hamlets brother, killed him. It tells him to resort to kill him in revenge and avenge the death of the king. In response to this, Hamlet vows not to think of anything else in view of these events. Unfortunately, Hamlet has a wide intellect and this serves to rile his conscience into working against him. He begins to question the righteousness of what he plans to do. On the other hand, he has sworn allegiance to the ghost of the king to execute his revenge. Thus, he is torn between the two, he decides to feign madness to his brother in order to conceal the true intentions of what he plans to do, and this while he seeks to attain the concrete proof of his guilt. On the other hand, Hamlet shows a romantic interest for Ophelia who is the daughter of Polonius. He advises his daughter to reject the advances of the prince. When he observes the subsequent odd behavior of Hamlet after pursuing Ophelia and this leads him to claim the prince has been turned mad by his love for the woman. The king distrusts his stepson and in resorts to send two of his friends to Wittenberg in order to discern the true state of mind of Hamlet (Maraden 2). Hamlet is guilt ridden and doubts himself about why he did not execute the agreement that he made with the ghost of his dead father. This leads him to ask a band of thespians to re-enact the death of his old father in front of the new father. Claudius reacts violently and reaffirms the intentions of Hamlet that now willingly plots to assassinate him. The theme of madness in Hamle is such that he does not know about it and his mind pulls a veil in front of his eyes thus, he views his actions as quite rational. However, to an objective eye, Hamlet is just reacting as expected to a world that has gone mad. His mother has remarried, but with his older brother. His father is dead, but no one wants to acknowledge that he was alive. It is only rational that he starts hearing voices in the form of the ghost of his dead father and acts in accordance with his consultations with what he sees and hears. It seems that he has another world that he conceals to himself, one of which is his property and which relates to his suffering from grieving the death of his father. The other thing is that he retains a mild amount of control within this world. At least, in a world where his fathers ghost exists, the feelings brought out are his innermost desires and suspicions about his fathers death. He cannot say all of this within the presence of his elder brother because the real world would not tolerate these notions. Comparisons between Titus and Hamlet These notions only had space in his mind where they would thrive undisturbed. Titus is in a similar position by default. It seems that Shakespeare used a similar character trait while plotting out the stories of these two people. They were both of noble character they had been away from their home and were nostalgic of the way things were at their respective homes. It is here where they share their madness as from a similar source. They both relate in the manner that they both were used to a particular system of change. They were both rigid and slow to adapt which is a defining element in both of their personalities. Suddenly an event happened in both of their worlds that changed everything for them. Their inability to adapt to the situation caused the break from reality because they were not able to deal with it. In response to this, they created their own separate realities where they were able to control events or at the least have their desires receive an audience and all of this happened without their knowledge. In the case of Titus, he goes about his duties with the best interest of his loved ones at heart in a way that he feels the world ought to work. The public wants him to rule, but he forfeits the power to give it to Saturninus. He even throws his daughter to be his wife as part of the bargain and in the end, the emperor goes on to marry the prisoner or war, Tamora, whose son he killed (Koumakpai, 75). In the first place, she was the only one in opposition when Titus took it upon himself to slay her son in accordance with the tradition. She swore revenge and when she got married to the emperor, she was promoted to a very senior position in Rome. It was one of the things, which spelt the end for Titus. At the same time, it was one of the tiny things, which would be termed as extreme changes to his world. Thus, explaining the earlier thesis of this paper. The inability to change to suit their environment in the characters of Hamlet and Titus was their downfall and led to their madness. If a person who cannot respond to their surroundings with the appropriate adaptation, then when a situation arises that causes great stress, they get mental abuse. This may translate to a break from reality. Some writings of Titus attribute his madness to grief and sorrow that he went through (Davis 44). This sorrow comes from the fate of his sons who died while in battle. Justification for Titus madness Their losses to him pierce his heart and soul and remain wounds that remain unseen, but haunt him nonetheless. This punishment is more than which he can take, but he continues to sacrifice for the good of Rome. He experiences further hardships targeting his body and especially his family. His daughter is raped and mutilated and his own hand is cut off (Skubal 130). Not to mention, that his two sons were beheaded and one was banished. Therefore, he has to struggle with feelings of betrayal and shame. His sons either are dead or considered not a part of the society. On the other hand, his daughter who is the remaining child he has around is defiled and probably will not retain her dignity ever. His family name has been soiled in the process. This is a man that gave so much for the glory of Rome including risking his life in battle and sacrificing one of his sons. In return, Rome made his enemy the wife of the emperor and allowed the defiling of his daughter. Any person would understand, his break from reality, it was warranted and necessary for his survival in the bottom line. In the film version of the movie Hamlets portrayal by the actor Branagh is quite interesting because Hamlet is indeed mad though he does not see it through his own eyes and his own minds fools him into pretending he was mad to keep him from discovery, which was rather brilliant. In this way, he has to conceal the fact from himself that he was truly mad; however, he was a genuine intellect in the film. Distinguishing Hamlet from Titus and the theme of tragedy He still had quite a few wits about him and he probably would not have brought himself to kill himself for the purpose of revenge yet his madness was driving him steadily to a point of self-destruction. The root of his madness seems to stem specifically from his father. Most people would attribute it from the love of the mother, as previous tales would follow. Hamlet does not seem to be overtly oedipal (Anderegg 132). In this case, he would seek out her honor and try to avenge it. Her husband is also her son, which is a major violation and disgrace, which would probably cause shame to her in the first place. However, he does not do it for her love or he does not show it. He approaches the problem from the angle of the son wanting revenge for his father. Having a little of his wits about him, he collects himself to create a pretense of his madness to divert suspicion away from himself and present himself as harmless. Titus uses the same ploy. The ploy works well for a while to serve the two protagonists purposes. However, it is not as successful in the case of Hamlet. He only manages to eliminate one of his enemies, the father of Ophelia, Polonius who was against his courtship of Ophelia. He misses his target who was Claudius. On the other hand, Titus experiences some extent of success. He feigns madness by ordering the shooting of arrows into the sky to the Gods to petition their negligence. In response, Tamora arrives at his home with her two sons and they are disguised as the Gods of revenge rape and murder. When he sees this, he begs Tamora to leave him alone with the Gods of rape and murder who were her sons. He proceeds to have them tied up and gagged. Then he has their throats slit and his daughter collects their blood, which is spilt. He prepares a pastry with their blood, crushed bones, and prepares a pie by baking their heads. This goes on to culminate to the climax. He invites the emperor, his wife Tamora, as well as Lucius and Marcus. He serves Tamora with the flesh of her two sons and kills his daughter to put her put of her misery. He then explains to Tamora what he did and goes on to stab her (Shakespeare Theatre 10). In response, her husband turns and kills him as a reaction; however, Lucius kill Satarninus himself. Therefore, Lucius assumes the throne. It seems that Titus goal was that of self-destruction like a kamikaze pilot even if he himself was not aware of his plot. His plot for revenge got fuel from his madness and directed toward Tamora and her family for destroying his image of the world. One could say it was his remaining reason to live from all of the tragic happenings in his life. His want for revenge became tragic because it consumed him completely until there was nothing left. Everything that he would term as part of himself was destroyed in the plot to kill his enemies. Hamlet is much like Titus and is consumed by his need to avenge the death of his father. At the same time, everything he does has a way of coming back to haunt him just as Titus. This includes the killing the father of his love interest even if it was by accident. The daughter is haunted by the actions that she drowns herself. Conclusion Her brother, Laertes sees what she has done, sees the involvement of Hamlet, and plots revenge against him with the help of the king Claudius. In this way, Hamlet differs from Titus because he does not become self destructive to the point that he would knowingly cause his own suicide/ murder. He dies at the hands of another, although, they planned his death the whole time. He is an intellectual rather than a fanatic that wants to play out his revenge at any cost. In this case, the tragedy is that so many people had to die because of feigned or actual madness (Mercer 6). There is no ghost in Hamlet and so that could be considered as evidence for madness on the part of Hamlet. However, other than that he does not exhibit any signs of insanity. This situation mixed with the hostile environment and paranoia that exists in his brother is enough to set events in motion to end in the deaths of almost everyone involved just as in the tale of Titus Andronicus. Both tales show the effects of their revenge plots as having sad and tragic endings with the deaths of the protagonists as well as their loved ones. Buy custom Hamlet’s and Titus’s â€Å"Madness† and Its Function essay

Tammany Hall essays

Tammany Hall essays Plunkitt of Tammany Hall is essentially a viewpoint of how a man became rich from politics. George Washington Plunkitt is introduced into this book and it is said that he filled in four public offices in one year and drew salaries from three of them at the same time. This book mentions Plunkitts distinction between "Honest grafts" and "dishonest grafts." Honest graft meant being in the right place at the right time with the right inside information. Lets take an example: what if the city planned to announce a site for a new park? Well, obviously, at that time, Plunkitt would buy up that land; however he would sell it to the city at a higher price that he bought, therefore he makes profit from the land that the city wanted to buy for a new park. The funny thing about Plunkitt is his idea of dishonest graft. Now, dishonest graft meant like stealing from the city treasury. This, of course, was a crime. Plunkitt did not perform a dishonest graft because it was stealing; however he did co nduct an honest graft, which, in my belief, was still stealing from the city because he bought (taken from the example) land from the city and then sold it back to them at a higher price. Isnt that stealing the extra money the city had for other things? The city had money, specifically, for the building of the park. With the purchase of Plunkitts, who is the owner, park the city is purchasing something that is held at an unreasonable price. This whole idea about dishonest and honest graft made George Washington Plunkitt very popular. This politician knew what he was doing- he simply took advantage of the people (without them noticing it) and used politics in order to pull out cash. Im guessing that the only reason why the people had no idea of Plunkitts wrong-doings is the fact that they seemed to be apathetic. At this time, it...

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Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

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